New Yorkers know that winter weather, with its snow, ice, freezing rain, and shorter daylight hours, can transform familiar sidewalks, steps, and entryways into hazardous surfaces. While many people embrace the beauty of snowfall, the conditions it creates across urban and suburban environments can lead to serious injuries when a misstep happens.
Why Winter Conditions Increase Fall Hazards
Scientific research shows that the frequency of fall-related injuries climbs during the winter months. A study analyzing national emergency department data found that outdoor fall-related visits were significantly higher in winter compared to other seasons, particularly among older adults and in icy or snowy environments, suggesting that winter weather conditions play a key role in increasing dangers underfoot.
Ice, snow, and refrozen surfaces, especially nearly invisible “black ice” that forms when melted moisture refreezes, are especially risky. Snow can also conceal surface imperfections such as cracks, uneven pavement, or curbs, making it harder to judge footing and avoid trips.
Studies in cold climates also confirm that ice and snow significantly raise the risk of slipping and fall-related injuries, and that traditional footwear may not provide adequate traction without supplemental anti-slip measures or surface treatment.
Who Is Most Vulnerable?
- Older adults: Research consistently identifies older people as at higher risk of serious injuries from winter falls. Outdoor falls increase in colder seasons, and the consequences can be severe, from wrist fractures to hip or head injuries.
- Pedestrians in urban areas: In cities like New York where walking is integral to daily life, icy sidewalks, curb entries, transit station stairs, and crosswalks pose notable risks if not cleared or maintained.
- Workers exposed to winter conditions: Employees who work outdoors or at entrances (e.g., delivery workers, retail staff removing snow) face heightened exposure and potential injury on untreated surfaces.
Common Injuries from Slips, Trips, and Falls
Winter falls often result in injuries that may require emergency medical care or even hospitalization:
- Fractures: Wrists, arms, ankles, and hips are among the most frequently fractured bones in winter fall injuries.
- Sprains and strains: Sudden loss of balance can result in soft-tissue injuries to ligaments and muscles.
- Head and spinal injuries: Falls on hard, icy surfaces increase the likelihood of concussions or spinal trauma.
Even a seemingly minor misstep can lead to significant pain, rehabilitation needs, and time away from work or daily routines especially] for seniors.
Prevention: Practical Tips for Navigating Winter Safely
Research and public health guidance emphasize preventive strategies that reduce risk:
- Footwear with traction
Choose boots or shoes with non-slip soles designed for ice and snow. Some outdoor traction devices can be fitted over footwear for added grip. - Mindful walking techniques
Slow, deliberate stepping, keeping the center of gravity over your feet, and taking shorter steps can improve balance on slippery terrain. Observational studies in safety research suggest that increasing awareness of surface conditions helps reduce fall risk. - Clear paths and treat surfaces
Property owners and managers should ensure sidewalks, entryways, stairs, and walkways are promptly cleared of snow and ice and treated with salt or similar de-icing materials. - Use support where available
Handrails, walking sticks, and other assistive supports can help individuals maintain stability on slopes, ramps, and staircases.
When Injury Happens
Despite best efforts, falls may still occur. If someone is injured due to icy or hazardous conditions on someone else’s property, they may need medical care, documentation of the incident, and guidance from experienced professionals to understand their options for care and recovery support.