Gulf War Research Breakthrough: Better Diagnosis: Read the following article written by Ivanhoe Newswire: Gulf War, illnesses persist, with blood flow abnormalities in the brains of the veterans. “We confirmed that abnormal blood flow continued or worsened over the 11-year span since first being diagnosed, which indicates that the damage is ongoing and lasts long term,” principal investigator Robert W. Haley, M.D., chief of epidemiology in the Departments of Internal Medicine and Clinical Sciences at the University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, was quoted as saying. “We also identified a special MRI procedure that better diagnoses and distinguishes between the three main types of Gulf War illness.” Gulf War illness is a poorly understood chronic condition associated with exposure to neurotoxic chemicals and nerve gas. It affects an estimated 25 percent of the 700,000 military personnel deployed to the 1991 Persian Gulf War, according to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ scientific advisory committee. There are three main syndromes associated with Gulf War illness, producing a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, neuropathic pain, memory and concentration deficits, balance disturbances and depression. The hippocampus is the part of the brain responsible for forming long-term memories and helping with spatial navigation. Many Gulf War illness neurological symptoms, such as memory loss, confusion, irritability and disorders in motion control suggest impairment of the hippocampus. In this study, the researchers used a novel technique called arterial spin labeled (ASL) MRI to assess hippocampal regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 13 control participants and 35 patients with Gulf War syndromes 1 (impaired cognition), 2 (confusion-ataxia) and 3 (central neuropathic pain). Each patient received intravenous infusions of saline in an initial session, and physostigmine in a second session 48 hours later. Physostigmine is a short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor, used to test the functional integrity of the cholinergic system, a neurotransmitter system involved in the regulation of memory and learning. “ASL scanning after giving this medication is particularly well suited to diagnosing Gulf War illness, because it picks up brain abnormalities too subtle for regular MRI to detect,” co-author Richard W. Briggs, Ph.D., professor of radiology at UT Southwestern, was quoted as saying. “This allows us to make the diagnosis in a single two-hour session without the need for exposure to ionizing radiation.” “Having an objective diagnostic test allows researchers to identify ill veterans for future clinical trials to test possible treatments,” Dr. Haley said. “It is also critical for ongoing genomic studies to see why some people are affected by chemical exposures, and why others are not.”
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